Heris: The city of Heris, situated 88 kilometers west of Tabriz in the East Azerbaijan province, is renowned for its unique carpets that showcase the rich cultural heritage of Azerbaijani people. As part of the ‘Discover South Azerbaijan’ project, APA presents Mohammad Rahmanifar’s article highlighting Heris’ significant role in introducing Azerbaijani culture to the world through its carpets.
According to Azeri-Press News Agency, Heris is bordered by Sarab and Meshginshahr to the east, Ahar and Varzeqan to the north, and Bostanabad to the south. The 2017 census recorded Heris city’s population at over 12,515, with the broader district housing 69,093 people. The city is at the heart of Heris district, incorporating cities like Bakhshayish, Zarna, Kalvana, and Arbatan, and several villages. The majority of the population are Muslim Shias who speak Azerbaijani Turkish.
Heris is nestled at an altitude of 1,800 meters near several mountain ranges, including Qoshadag and Savalan, with the Aji Chay river influencing its climate. The city experiences cold winters and mild summers, with trade, farming, animal husbandry, and carpet weaving as main occupations. Carpet production workshops employ many men and women, underscoring the city’s reputation for its distinctive carpets.
The historical significance of Heris is evident through various monuments and sites from the Safavid and Qajar periods. Despite the lack of comprehensive historical research, scattered documents and sites like Ayi Castle from the Stone Age, Sheikh Ishaq Mausoleum, and several ancient cemeteries and mosques reveal the region’s historical continuity. Notably, Sheikh Salim, a figure from this region, played a crucial role in the Constitutional Movement, advocating for justice and freedom before being executed by the Russians in 1912.
Throughout history, Azerbaijan faced cultural and political challenges, particularly under the Pahlavi regime, which sought to suppress Azerbaijani Turkish identity. Despite efforts to assimilate Azerbaijani Turks, Heris has managed to preserve its cultural heritage robustly. The rich tradition of ashugs (folk singers) and cultural practices have played a vital role in maintaining Azerbaijani culture in the region.
The art of carpet weaving in Heris reflects the deep-seated cultural narratives of the Azerbaijani people. Heris carpets, known for their coarse weave, hold a significant place in the South Azerbaijani carpet weaving tradition. These carpets, adorned with motifs inspired by Turkish-Azerbaijani mythology and local vegetation, tell stories of the region’s past and are celebrated globally for their cultural authenticity and compatibility with Western decor.
Despite historical challenges, the younger generation of South Azerbaijani Turks in Heris remains steadfast in preserving their cultural identity. The resilience of poets, writers, and cultural activists in the face of oppression promises a vibrant future for Azerbaijani culture in Heris and beyond. Through its carpets, Heris continues to convey the rich history and cultural stories of Azerbaijan to the world, ensuring that their heritage endures for generations to come.